Citing Electronic Resources

Is it okay to copy information such as words and pictures from the Internet?
 
How do I cite technology sources that I use in my report?
 
What are some options for citing sources in a multimedia project?

Regardless of whether the source is a website, an email communication, or a PowerPoint presentation, students need to cite their source.

Just as there are many guidelines for citing books, there are many organizations who have developed rules for Internet citations. The key is consistency. Select a format that is easy for students to use and contains the basic elements needed to locate that source. Particularly on web-based documents, it's not always easy to identify an author or the original copyrighted work. Just do your best to give credit for the words, images, and ideas.

Listen to the audio program Little Orphan Arty. This program discusses the problem of trying to use creative works.

When to Cite and Why to Cite

Although the right to receive credit is not part of the copyright law, the Right of Attribution is an important custom that supports the efforts of creators.

Before you cite a source such as an encyclopedia or Wikipedia, ask yourself: is there a better source for this information that may be more exact or reliable? When possible, go to the original source. If Wikipedia states the population of Alberta, Canada, see if you can locate the original census data. In many cases, a citation to the original course will be provided. For instance, Canada's National Statistical Agency is the government group that would contain this information.

If you plan to cite a rapidly changing website such as Wikipedia, be sure to follow Wikipedia's guidelines for citing sources.

Online Resources

Use the following resources as you develop a strategy for helping young people cite resources.

Online Citation Tools

These resources automate the process of creating a citation. In most cases, students copy and paste the citation they build into their bibliography or reference list.

• Elementary Tools
  • Citation Maker - Elementary from OPEN
• Middle/Secondary Tools
  • Citation Machine from Landmark
  • Citation Maker from OSLIS (Lots of examples and resources)
  • Citation Maker from tech4learning
  • Citation Maker - Secondary from OPEN
  • Citation Wizard from IMSA 21st Century Information Fluency Project
  • NoodleBib Express from NoodleTools (Citing Sources Help)
  • Others
    • Citation Creation from StudentABC
    • EasyBib
    • Internet Citation Maker
    • KnightCite

Citation Styles

Use the following resources to learn about the different citations styles.

• Official Websites
  • American Psychological Association (APA) Style - for electronic materials
  • Chicago Style Quick Guide
  • Columbia Guide
  • Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
• Help with Style Citations
  • Style Manuals and Citation Guides by Academic Discipline from Duke
  • Citation Style Handbook: APA
  • Citation Style Handbook: MLA
  • ONLINE! Citation Styles
  • Turabian Style

Citing Work in Your Project

Whether you summarize, paraphrase, or quote an article, website, interview, photo, or other materials in your project, you need to give credit to the author. The following resources will help you in this process.

• Elementary/Middle School Students
  • Internet Citation Checklist (PDF) from ReadWriteThink
  • Remember to Cite from Teacher Vision
• High School Students
  • Citing Sources: Documentation Guidelines for citing sources and avoiding plagiarism from Duke
    • What to Cite
    • How to Cite
  • Why Cite Information Sources?

Source Information

Before you can cite a source, you need to understand the various sources of information. Use these resources to help identify sources, their use and how to acknowledge them.

• Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide
• Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgement

Teacher Resources on Citing Sources

As you design lessons and project guidelines, consider the skills that students already have related to citing sources. What can you add to their understanding? Stress the importance of acknowleding the work of others. Many school districts and organizations provide quality resources to help students understand the process of citing resources as well as the importance of this activity.

• Citation Maker Home from OPEN Clearinghouse - contains elementary and secondary sections with out materials and standards links

Rather than viewing citing resources as a separate lesson or assignment, seek ways to integrate this activity into the inquiry process.

• Preparing a Bibliography (Grades 3-12) from 21st Century Literacies
• Research Building Blocks: “Cite Those Sources!” (Grades 3-5) from ReadWriteThink 

Create a Handout
 
Using ideas in the resources provided, create your own worksheet to help students in citing resources. Include the level of detail needed for your students. Be sure to provide examples. Finally, cite the sources you used in creating the handout.

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